11,155 reports were searched and 51 eligible cohorts with 15 sleep problems were included for our meta-analyses. Ten types of sleep disorders, including six (insomnia, fragmentation, daytime dysfunction, prolonged latency, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, and excessive time in bed) with moderate-to-high levels of evidence, were linked to higher risk of all-cause cognitive disorders. Furthermore, a U-shaped relationship was revealed for the associations with sleep duration.